Phytoexpertise of seeds using the roll method was carried out by germinating the grain in rolls, followed by microscopy and assessment of the degree of damage caused by phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria. The contamination of seed material was also determined by germinating the seeds in a humid chamber and by sowing them on nutrient media (Figure 19).

Figure 19 - Phytopathological examination of seeds using the roll method and by sowing on Chapex nutrient medium

The number of germinated seeds and the proportion of affected seedlings infected with Fusarium and Penicillium genera of fungi, Bipolaris sorokiniana, Alternaria spp., etc. were counted (Figure 20).

Figure 20 - Accounting for the phytopathogenic load of seed material