Comprehensive studies conducted in agrocenoses of northeastern Kazakhstan have confirmed the high relevance of the issue of phytopathogenic pressure on spring wheat crops. The results of monitoring seed material, soil, and aerial parts of plants revealed a consistently developing infectious background, caused by both climate change and violations of agrotechnological practices.

It has been established that the main pathogens of spring wheat in the studied region are fungi of the genera Fusarium, Bipolaris, and Alternaria. A high degree of seed contamination by pathogenic microflora was identified - up to 76% depending on the variety - as well as significant soil infection, particularly under prolonged monoculture wheat cultivation.

Special attention in the study was given to epiphytological analysis: it was shown that disease development is closely related to weather conditions (humidity, temperature, and precipitation frequency), types of preceding crops, seeding density, and varietal susceptibility of plants. Observations of the seasonal and long-term dynamics of pathogens make it possible to assess the risk of epiphytotics and to build infection forecasts based on hydrothermal indicators.

A key contribution of this work is the systematisation of phytosanitary monitoring methods, including: laboratory seed phytodiagnostics (roll method, culture on media, microscopy); assessment of soil suppressiveness and pathogen conidia counts; and visual evaluation of foliar and root infections using standardised rating scales.

The practical significance of the findings lies in the justification of a comprehensive set of effective preventive and plant protection measures, which include: maintaining a rational crop rotation; selecting resistant varieties with optimal seedling morphology; pre-sowing treatment of seeds with fungicidal and biological agents; and the use of phytosanitary technologies for controlling soilborne infections.

The data obtained can be applied in scientific research, agronomic practice, agricultural education, and the development of regional strategies for grain crop disease management.

Thus, this monograph makes a significant contribution to the advancement of epiphytology and phytopathogen diagnostics and serves as a foundation for the development of integrated protection systems for spring wheat, helping to ensure the resilience of grain production under ecological and climate-related challenges.