Politics and management are two interrelated spheres of human activity, which in different historical periods were correlated in different ways, depending on the level of social development, population size, the degree of stratification of society, the dominant economic structures and cultural traditions. However, their fundamental goals remained unchanged: ensuring public order, preventing chaos in human relations, and regulating interactions between society and nature.

The concept of «order» in different epochs was filled with different content, but the idea that only the state, as the highest form of organization of political power, can guarantee stability, freedom, protection and legal security to every citizen has always been preserved. However, the extent of these guarantees and their interpretation have always been the subject of intense philosophical and political debate, ranging from authoritarian to liberal models of government.

The general nature of politics and public administration is rooted in the phenomenon of power, which is initially an organized social force.

Power is a social relationship that involves a division of roles: some manage and make decisions, others obey. For centuries, philosophers and political scientists have viewed power as a key tool for maintaining order, coordinating people's actions, and regulating social processes.

Classical and modern concepts of power (N. Machiavelli, T. Hobbes, M. Weber, M. Foucault) emphasize that its essence lies not only in coercion, but also in the creation of a system of rules, norms and institutions that ensure the functioning of society. Public administration in this context is a practical exercise of power aimed at achieving the public good through the organization of social processes and regulation of public relations.

Many of the key concepts of politics, the state, order, and governance originate in ancient philosophy, especially in the writings of Plato and Aristotle. In the ancient Greek tradition, politics was perceived as the art of managing the polis, aimed at achieving the common good and harmony in society.

Plato in his treatise «The State» considered government as the activity of wise philosophers who are able to learn the truth and build a just order on this basis. Aristotle, in turn, emphasized in Politics that the state is the highest form of social organization, and political relations are inevitably state relations, since it is the state that embodies the collective will of citizens and ensures the coherence of society's actions. The state system meant for Aristotle the same thing as the order of state administration, and the latter was personified by the supreme power in the state. Therefore, the main attention in politics and public administration was paid to domestic relations, forms of government, and the organization of supreme power. «The polity (politeia), «Aristotle wrote», is the order of organization of public offices in general, and first of all of the supreme power: the supreme power is everywhere connected with the order of state administration (politeyma), and the latter is the state structure»^[11].

In the ancient period, the difference between politics and public administration was minimal: management was perceived as an integral part of the political process, and political activity – as the leadership of the state. State power in polis was closely linked to civic participation, which contributed to the formation of the first democratic institutions.

As societies became more complex, populations grew, and State institutions became more complex, politics and governance began to gradually differentiate. During the Middle Ages, governance was increasingly concentrated in the hands of monarchs and bureaucrats, and politics became the domain of power struggles and resource allocation. In modern times, with the development of bureaucratic apparatuses and the concept of the rule of law, management began to be considered as a professional activity based on the principles of rationality, efficiency and legality, while politics retained its character of a struggle of interests and ideologies.

Today, the difference between politics and public administration is particularly pronounced. Politics is the domain of power struggles, competition of interests, and strategic decision-making. Public administration is a mechanism for implementing the adopted political decisions, focused on achieving practical results.

However, the two phenomena remain interrelated: without politics, effective governance is impossible, and without governance, politics loses its ability to translate ideas into reality.

The relationship between public policy and public administration is based on several principles:

- unity of goals and objectives. The management board must meet the policy objectives and ensure that they are achieved;

- feedback. The management board provides data on the results of policy implementation, which allows you to adjust strategic decisions.

- the principle of legality. Management should be carried out within the legal framework, ensuring the legality and transparency of decisions taken;

- resource support. ПPolicy sets priorities for budget financing, and management implements them through budget execution mechanisms and government programs.

Although theoretically consistent, in practice there may be problems in the relationship between policy and governance:

- a gap between policy decisions and their implementation due to bureaucratic barriers or lack of coordination between agencies;

- the changeability of the political course, which makes it difficult to plan long-term management;

- insufficient competence of civil servants, which reduces the effectiveness of the implementation of political decisions;

- corruption and low level of responsibility, which can lead to inefficient use of resources.

In order to overcome the above-mentioned problems and improve the interaction of public policy and management, it is necessary to:

- strengthening strategic planning and long-term forecasting;

- increasing the professionalism of civil servants through the system of training and advanced training;

- development of digitalization and automation of processes to increase transparency and efficiency of management;

- development of civil control institutions, which will increase the accountability of government bodies and reduce corruption risks.

Thus, state policy and public administration are interrelated elements of the power system. Without clear coordination and an effective implementation mechanism, even the most well-thought-out policies may not be implemented. Improving the interaction of these elements will increase the efficiency of public administration and contribute to the sustainable development of society.

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^[11] Aristotle. Politics / Aristotle. Works. – Vol. 4. – p. 455.